Contents of Presentation

• Introduction

• How To Use This Site

• Distribution of Water on the Earth

• Utilizable Freshwater Resources

• Ground Water Use in the United States

• Confined and Unconfined Aquifers

• Stream Recharge from an Unconfined Aquifer

• Environmental Remediation Problems

• Ground Water Contamination in the U.S.: Magnitude/Cost of the Problem

• VOC Contamination of Ground Water

• Ground Water Contamination

• Sites/Facilities to be Cleaned up in the United States

• The 25 Most Frequently Detected Ground Water Contaminants at Hazardous Waste Sites

• Newly Recognized Ground Water Contaminants

• Sources of Ground Water Contamination

• Physical States of Contaminants

• Contaminant Phases

• Source and Dissolved Plume

• Dense Nonqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs)

• DNAPL Transport Through the Subsurface

• Fate of Organic Contaminants in the Subsurface

• Focus of Cleanup Efforts

• Regulatory Program Addressing Contaminated Ground Water

• Average Superfund Site Remediation

• Status of Superfund (NPL) Sites

• 15 Years of Superfund

• Standard Remedial Techniques

• Trapped Oil at Residual Saturation

• When Does Pump & Treat Fail?

• Pump and Treat Uses

• Subsurface Remediation Technologies

• The Raymond Process: Liquid Delivery

• Bioventing

• Air or Hydrogen Sparging

• Natural Attenuation

• Funnel-and-Gate

• Reductive Dechlorination By Zero-Valent Iron

• Surfactant Application