Author(s)

 year

 title

 Source
General References

 Barnett, D.L. & Browning, W.D.

 1995

 A Primer on Sustainable Building

 Rocky Mountain Institute, Snowmass, CO, USA.
Langston, C., ed.

 1997

 Sustainable Practices: ESD and the Construction Industry

 Envirobook, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Woolley, T., Kimmins, S., Harrison, P., & Harrison, R.

 1997

 Green Building Handbook

 E & FN Spon, London, UK.
Spiegel, R. & Meadows, D.

 1999

 Green Building Materials: A Guide to Product Selection and Specification

 John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA.
Models & Frameworks

 Yeang, K.P.

 1993

 Designing With Nature

 McGraw Hill, New York, NY, USA.
Kibert, C.J.

 1994

 Establishing Principles and a Model for Sustainable Construction

 in Kibert, C.J., ed. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Sustainable Construction. Tampa, FL, November 6-9. CIB TG 16.
Lyle, J.T.

 1994

 Regenerative Design for Sustainable Development

 John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA.
Hill, R.C, Bergman, J.G., and Bowen, P.A.

 1994

 A Framework for the Attainment of Sustainable Construction

 in Kibert, C.J., ed. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Sustainable Construction. Tampa, FL, November 6-9. CIB TG 16.
Vanegas, J.A. & Pearce, A.R.

1997

 Sustainable Design and Construction Strategies for the Built Environment

 Proceedings of the 1997 NESEA Conference. Boston, MA.
CIB - International Council for Building Research Studies and Documentation

 1998

 Sustainable Development and the Future of Construction: A Comparison of Visions from Various Countries

 CIB Publication 225, W82 - Futures Studies in Construction, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Heuristics & Guidelines

 United States National Park  Service

 1993

 Guiding Principles of Sustainable Design

 United States Department of the Interior, Denver Service Center, Denver, CO, USA.
North Carolina Recycling Association

 1994

 North Carolina Green Building Charette: Final Report

 North Carolina Recycling Association, Raleigh, NC, USA. April 29-30.
Environmental Building News

 1994

 Checklist for Environmentally Sustainable Design and Construction

 Environmental Building News, Brattleboro, VT, USA.
Hellmuth, Obata, & Kassabaum

 1994

 Sustainable Design Guide

 HOK, Inc., St. Louis, MI, USA.
Halliday, S.P.

 1994

 Environmental Code of Practice for Buildings and their Services

 The Building Services Research and Information Association, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK.
Vanegas, J.A., DuBose, J.R., and Pearce, A.R.

 1995

 Sustainable Technologies for the Building Construction Industry

 Proceedings, Symposium on Design for the Global Environment, November, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Public Technologies, Inc.

 1996

 Sustainable Building Technical Manual: Green Building Design, Construction, and Operations

 Public Technology, Inc., Washington, DC, USA.
Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology et al.

 1998

 Green Building Advisor

 Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology, Washington, DC, USA.
Mendler, S.F. & Odell, W.

 2000

 The HOK Guidebook to Sustainable Design

 John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA.
Austin Green Builder Program

 2000

 Sustainable Building Sourcebook

 http://www.greenbuilder.com
  Cole, R.J.

 1993

 Building Environmental Performance Assessment Criteria (BEPAC) – Office Buildings

 Environmental Research Group, School of Architecture, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
  Graedel, T.E. & Allenby, B.R.

1995

 Matrix Approaches to Green Facility Assessment

Proceedings, 2nd International Green Buildings Conference, Special Publication 888, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 84-102.
ASSESSMENT & EVALUATION TOOLS

 Lippiatt, B.C. & Norris, G.A.

1995

 Selecting Environmentally and Economically Balanced Building Materials

Proceedings, 2nd International Green Building Conference and Exposition - 1995. Fanney, A.H., Whitter, K.M., and Cohn, T.B., eds. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 38-46.
Lawson, W.R.

 1996

 Appraisal System for Ecologically Sustainable Building

 Proceedings, 2nd National Energy Efficiency in Buildings Conference, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, June.
Anink, D., Boonstra, C., & Mak, J.

 1996

 Handbook of Sustainable Building: An Environmental Preference Method for Selection of Materials for Use in Construction and Refurbishment

 James & James, London, UK.
DuBose, J.R. & Pearce, A.R.

 1997

 The Natural Step as an Assessment Tool for the Built Environment

Proceedings, 1997 CIB Conference on Green Building, Paris, France, June.
Graham, P.

 1997

 Methods for Assessing the Sustainability of Construction and Development Activity

 Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Department of Building and Construction Economics, Melbourne, Australia.
Baldwin, R., Yates, A., Howard, N., & Rao, S.

 1998

 Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) 98 for Offices

 Building Research Establishment, Construction Research Communications, London, UK.
Howard, N., Shiers, D., & Sinclair, M.

 1998

 The Green Guide to Specification: An Environmental Profiling System for Building Materials and Components

 Building Research Establishment, Garston, Watford, UK.
Cole, R.J. & Larson, N.

 1998

 Green Building Challenge

 ASHRAE Journal, May, 1-2.
NAHB Research Center

 1999

 A Guide to Developing Green Builder Programs

 National Association of Home Builders Research Center, Upper Marlboro, MD, USA.
Anderson, J. & Howard, N.

 2000

 The Green Guide to Housing Specification

 Building Research Establishment, Construction Research Communications, London, UK.
U.S. Green Building Council

 2000

 Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System, v. 2.0

 U.S. Green Building Council, Washington, DC, USA.
Resource Guides

 Bennett Group

 1990

 The Green Pages

 Bennett Information Group, Random House, New York, NY, USA.
St. John, A.

 1992

 The Sourcebook for Sustainable Design: A Guide to Environmentally Responsible Building Materials and Processes

 Boston Society of Architects, Boston, MA, USA.
O’Brien, M. and Palermini, D.

1993

 Guide to Resource Efficient Building

 Building With Value ‘93: Resource-Efficient Construction Conference. The Sustainable Building Collaborative, Portland, OR, USA.
Dadd-Redalia, D.L.

 1994

 Sustaining the Earth

 Hearst Publishing, New York, NY, USA.
Iris Communications

 1994

 The REDI (Resources for Environmental Design Index) Guide

 Iris Communications, Eugene, OR, USA. Also available online at http://data.oikos.com/products/.
Loken, S., Miner, R., & Mumma, T.

1994

 A Reference Guide to Resource Efficient Building Elements, 4th ed.

 Center for Resourceful Building Technology, Missoula, MT, USA.
Hermannsson, J.

 1997

 Green Building Resource Guide

 Taunton Press, Newtown, CT, USA.
Holmes, D., Strain, L., Wilson, A., & Leibowitz, S.

 1999

 GreenSpec: The Environmental Building News Product Directory and Guideline Specifications

 E-Build, Inc., Brattleboro, VT, USA.

 General References on Built Environment Sustainability

Source

 Target Audience

 Built Environment sustainability Variables
Barnett & Browning (1995)

"Primer on Sustainable Building"

 · Architects and their clients

· Home builders

· Developers

· Contractors

· Landscape architects

· Owner-builders

Overall, a lay audience

 · Appropriate land use

· Resource efficiency

· Human health

· Local economy/community

· Conservation of:

· Plants

· Animals

· Endangered species

· Habitats

· Protection of:

· Agricultural resources

· Cultural resources

· Archaeological resources

· Quality of life

· Economical construction/operation

 · Site selection

· Site development

· Transportation

· Building placement

· Land design

· Building configuration

· Building shell

· Energy use inside

· Saving water

· Building ecology

· Operations

· Specification and construction
Langston (1997)

"Sustainable Practices"

 · Construction Industry

· Academics and students

 · Environmental protection

· Environmental quality:

· Planet in crisis

· Sustainable development

· Environmental accounting

· Development Controls:

· Environmental Impact Assessment

· Environmental Law

· Environmental policies/strategies

· Design considerations:

· Environmental impact

· Low energy design

· Alternative technologies

· Energy conservation:

· Embodied energy & recycling

· Energy quality

· Energy regulation & policy

 · Economic rationalism

· Analytical tools:

· Environmental economics

· Cost-benefit analysis

· Social costs & benefits

· Project feasibility:

· Project selection criteria

· Intergenerational equity

· Sustainability constraint

· Life cycle cost:

· Planning and analysis

· Discount rate

· Occupancy costs

· Asset management:

· Energy auditing

· Post-occupancy evaluation

· Facility management

· Strategic planning

· Project design & management
Woolley et al. (1997)

"Green Building Handbook"

 · Specifiers

· Clients

· Communities

· Voluntary groups

 · Production:

· Energy use

· Resource depletion (biological)

· Resource depletion (non-biological)

· Global warming

· Ozone depletion

· Toxics

· Acid rain

· Photochemical oxidants

· Use:

· Energy use

· Durability/maintenance

· Recycling/reuse/disposal

· Health hazards

 · Energy 

· Insulation materials

· Masonry

· Timber

· Composite boards

· Timber preservatives

· Window frames

· Paints and stains for joinery

· Roofing materials

· Rainwater goods

· Toilets and sewage disposal

· Carpets and floor coverings
Spiegel & Meadows (1999)

"Green Building Materials"

 · Architects

· Specifiers

 · Resource management:

· Pollution

· Depletion

· Destruction

· Toxicity/Indoor Environmental Quality:

· Indoor air quality

· Bioaccumulation

· Performance:

· Installation methods

· Maintenance materials/processes

· Durability

· Energy efficiency

· Recyclability

· Reusability

· Impact on global commons

· Worker productivity

· Customer satisfaction

 CSI Divisions 2-16:

· Site construction

· Concrete

· Masonry

· Metals

· Woods and plastics

· Thermal and moisture protection

· Doors and windows

· Finishes

· Specialties

· Equipment

· Furnishings

· Special construction

· Conveying systems

· Mechanical

· Electrical

Models and Frameworks of Built Environment Sustainability

source

 Target Audience

 Built Environment sustainability Variables
Yeang (1993)

 · Designers/Architects

 · Ecosystem Impacts:

· Spatial heterogeneity

· Spatial displacement

· Assimilative ability

· Resource Use:

· Energy

· Materials

· User Requirements

 · Built System

· Environmental Context of System

· System/Environment Interactions:

· External interdependencies

· Internal interdependencies

· System inputs

· System outputs
Hill et al. (1994)

 · Policy makers

· Construction Industry

 · Economic and Social:

· Quality of human life

· Social disruption

· Equitable costs/benefits

· Environmental:

· Biological systems

· Biodiversity

· Resources

· Damage to sensitive areas

· Construction pollution

 · Construction Impacts

· Organizational Structure

· Operational/Audit Procedures

· Record Keeping

· Environmental Awareness

· Standards/Penalties/Bonuses

· Environmental Management
Kibert (1994)

 Construction Industry:

· Developers

· Planners

· Architects

· Engineers

· Builders/Constructors

· Operators

 · Resources:

· Conservation

· Degradation

· Reuse

· Renewability

· Recyclability

· Environment:

· Impact

· Degradation

· Toxicity

· Quality

 · Energy consumption

· Water use

· Land use

· Materials selection

· Indoor environmental quality

· Exterior environmental quality

· Building design

· Community design

· Construction operations

· Life cycle operation

· Deconstruction

· Embodied energy content

· Greenhouse warming gases

· Toxics generated/content
Lyle (1994)

 · Landscape architects

· Civil engineers

· Architects

· Land development planners

· Students

· Educators

 · Resource use:

· Renewable

· Nonrenewable

· Waste:

· Generation

· Composition

· Assimilation

· Systems integration:

· Human social systems

· Natural ecological systems

· Human technology systems

 · Energy

· Water

· Waste

· Materials:

· Embedded energy

· Renewability

· Permanence/Reusability

· Indoor Air Pollution

· Density
Vanegas & Pearce (1997)

 Construction Industry:

· Developers

· Planners

· Architects

· Engineers

· Builders/Constructors

· Operators

Insurance Industry

 · Natural resources:

· Consumption

· Depletion

· Degradation

· Waste:

· Generation

· Accumulation

· Environment:

· Impact

· Degradation

· Humans:

· Needs

· Aspirations

 · Built environment health

· Integration with ecological systems

· Economic valuation

· Infrastructure requirements

· Waste recovery

· Construction process technology

· Building technology

· Stakeholder integration
CIB (1998)

 · Researchers

· Policy makers

 · Traditional factors:

· Time

· Cost

· Quality

· New paradigm:

· Resources

· Emissions

· Biodiversity

· Global context:

· Social equity/cultural issues

· Economic constraints

· Environmental quality

 · Quality and property value

· Future user needs/adaptability

· Prolonged service life

· Use of local resources

· Building process

· Efficient land use

· Water saving

· Use of by-products

· Distribution of relevant info.

· Immaterial services

· Urban development and mobility

· Human resources

· Local economy

 Heuristics and Guidelines for Creating a Sustainable Built Environment

source

 Target Audience

 Built Environment sustainability Variables
Design Guidelines

    
National Park Service (1993)

"Guiding Principles of Sustainable Design"

 · Owners and operators of U.S. National Park Facilities

· Engineers

· Landscape architects

· Designers/Architects

 · Natural resources

· Cultural resources

· Energy management

· Water supply

· Waste prevention

 · Site design

· Building design

· Facility maintenance/operations

· Energy conservation

· Energy efficiency
NC Recycling (1994)

"North Carolina Green Building Charette"

 · Designers/Architects

· Owners

 · Energy

· Resource consumption

· Healthy environments

· Waste management/recycling

· Operations/maintenance/ procurement

 · Site

· Building codes and inspection

· Energy systems

· Mechanical systems

· Materials/finishes/fixtures/ furniture
Construction Guidelines

    
Environmental Building News (1994)

"Checklist for Environmentally Sustainable Design and Construction"

 · Designers/Architects/Engineers

· Constructors

 · Resource use:

· Materials

· Energy

· Efficiency

· Environmental Impacts:

· Toxics

· Sensitive ecosystems

 · Design

· Siting

· Materials

· Equipment

· Job Site
Vanegas et al. (1995)

"Sustainable Technologies for the Building Construction Industry"

 · Constructors

· Planners

· Owners

· Designers/Architects/Engineers

 · Resource consumption

· Environmental impact

· Human Satisfaction

 · Time

· Cost

· Quality
Comprehensive Guidelines

    
HOK (1994)

"Sustainable Design Guide"

 · Architects

· Interior designers

· Project managers

· Building owners

· Construction managers

· Consultants

 · Site development impacts

· Pollution prevention

· Building durability

· Efficiency:

· Energy

· Resources

· Materials:

· Ecologically sound

· Healthy

 · Site

· Energy

· Materials

· Indoor air quality

· Water conservation

· Recycling and waste management

· Stakeholder partnerships

· Public dialog and education
Halliday (1994)

"Environmental Code of Practice for Buildings and their Services"

 · Procurers

· Design team

· Professional institutions

· Contractors

· Manufacturers and suppliers

· Owners

· Occupiers

 Environmental performance:

· Human health and safety

· Environmental damage

· Energy consumption

· Materials from threatened species or environments

· Human satisfaction

· Waste generation

· Renewable resources

 Facility Life Cycle:

· Pre-design

· Design

· Preparing to Build

· Construction

· Occupation

· Refurbishment

· Demolition
PTI (1996)

"Sustainable Building Technical Manual"

 · Landscape architects

· Planners

· Architects/Engineers

· Interior designers

· Contractors

· Property managers/mtce staff

· Building owners and developers

· Product manufacturers

· Utility companies

· Building tenants

· Code/government officials

 · Energy efficiency

· Water efficiency

· Waste reduction

· Construction costs

· Building maintenance & management savings

· Insurance & liability

· User health/productivity

· Building value

 · Pre-Design

· Site Issues

· Building Design:

· Passive solar design

· Indoor Environmental Quality

· Materials and specifications

· Local Government

· Construction

· Operations and Maintenance
CREST (1998)

"Green Building Advisor"

 · Architects

· Designers

· Builders

· Planners

· Students

· Educators

· Private companies

· Government agencies

· Homeowners

 · Site & ecosystems:

· Site selection

· Land development

· Stormwater/Landscaping

· Regional integration

· Resources & materials:

· Resource efficiency

· C&D waste management

· Future waste minimization

· Materials by CSI Division

· Indoor environment:

· Biological pollution

· Chemical pollution

· Hazardous materials

· Ventilation/Monitoring

· Visual/acoustic quality

 · Energy use:

· Building envelope

· Heating, cooling, & ventilation

· Lighting

· Appliances & equipment

· Water heating

· Energy sources

· Water use:

· Landscaping

· Plumbing & fixtures

· Appliances 

· General
Mendler & Odell (2000)

"Guidebook to Sustainable Design"

 · Architects

· Engineers

· Planners

· Interior designers

· Landscape architects

 · Ecosystem protection/ restoration of natural systems

· Livable communities

· Resource efficiency:

· Energy

· Water

· Land

· Materials

· Healthy indoor environments

 · General issues

· Planning and site work

· Energy

· Water

· Indoor environmental quality

· Material resources

· Fossil fuel reduction/ displacement

· Waste/pollution elimination:

· Material production

· Construction

· Use

· Disposal
Austin Green Builder

Program (2000)

"Sustainable Building Sourcebook"

 · Homeowners

· Builders

· Designers

· Developers

· Contractors

Focus is primarily residential; Texas-specific

 · Water:

· Indoor water conservation

· Composting toilets

· Pervious materials

· Xeriscape

· Greywater irrigation

· Harvested rainwater

· Water budget

· Energy:

· Energy Star ratings

· Passive solar design

· Landscaping for energy conservation

· Radiant barrier and ridge-and-soffit venting

· Earth-sheltered design

· Solar hot water, heating, and cooling systems

· Photovoltaic systems

· Gas water heating systems

· Ductwork & Fans

· Energy recovery ventilator

· Programmable thermostats

· Energy efficient appliances

· Lighting

· Electromagnetic fields

 · Building Materials:

· Dimensional lumber

· Wood treatment

· Engineered structural materials

· Engineered sheet materials

· Engineered siding and trim

· Flyash concrete

· Non-toxic termite control

· Earth materials

· Floor coverings

· Wood flooring

· Roofing

· Structural wall panels

· Insulation

· Windows and doors

· Cabinets

· Paints, finishes, and adhesives

· Straw bale construction

· Solid Waste:

· Home recycling

· Compost systems

· Construction waste recycling

 Assessment and Evaluation Tools for Built Environment Sustainability

source

 Target Audience

 Built Environment sustainability Variables
Materials & Systems

    
Lippiatt & Norris (1995)

"BEES"

 The Building Community:

· Designers

· Manufacturers

 · Environmental Performance

· Economic Performance

 · Building Materials

· Material Life Cycle
Lawson (1996)

"BES Index"

 · Building councils (local gov't)

· Designers/architects

· Builders

 · Ecological impacts/pollution

· Cyclic processes

· Waste minimization

· Resource depletion

· Energy consumption

· Inherent Pollution:

· Embodied solid waste

· Embodied liquid waste

· Embodied greenhouse gases

· Embodied toxics/ particulates

 · Resource depletion:

· Raw material extraction damage

· Extraction efficiency

· Resource supply status

· Recycled content

· Required maintenance

· Product recyclability

· Embodied Energy:

· Process energy requirements

· Transport energy

· Construction energy
Anink et al. (1996)

"Environmental Preference Method"

 · Architects

· Engineers

· Contractors

 · Shortage of raw materials

· Ecological damage of raw material extraction

· Energy consumption

· Water consumption

· Noise and odor pollution

· Harmful emissions/ozone depletion

· Global warming/acid rain

· Health aspects

· Risk of disasters

· Repairability

· Reusability

· Waste 

· Building Systems

· Stone, concrete, brick-like material, and glass

· Metals

· Synthetics

· Wood

· Paints
Howard et al. (1998)

"Environmental Profiling System"

 Construction industry

 · Toxicity:

· Manufacturing

· Combustion

· Primary energy

· Emissions:

· CO2

· VOCs

· NOx

· SO2

· Resources:

· Minerals

· Water

· Oil feedstock

· Material reserves

· Wastes generated

· Recycling:

· % contained

· % capable of being

· % currently recycled

· Energy required

· Cost range

· Replacement interval

 · High-mass elements:

· External walls

· Upper floors

· Roofs

· Medium-mass elements:

· Windows

· Interior partitions

· Low-mass elements & materials:

· Wall/roof insulation

· Floor finishes

· Doors

· Floor surfacing

· Paint systems

· Ceilings
Anderson & Howard (2000)

"Environmental Profiling System"

 · House builders

· Housing designers

· Specifiers

 · Climate change

· Fossil fuel depletion

· Ozone depletion

· Freight transport

· Human toxicity

· Waste disposal

· Water extraction

· Acid deposition

· Ecotoxicity

· Eutrophication

· Summer smog

· Minerals extraction

· Cost range

· Typical replacement interval

· Recycled input/Recyclability

· Current amount recycled

· Energy saved by recycling

 · External walls

· Roofing

· Ground floors

· Upper floors

· Windows

· Internal walls

· Kitchens

· Refurbishment:

· External wall insulation

· Internal wall insulation

· Insulation

· Landscaping
Whole Building

    
Cole (1993)

"BEPAC"

 · Trained assessors (consultants)

· Designers

· Owners

· Operators/Managers

· Building tenants

 Environmental performance:

· Ozone layer protection

· Energy use

· Indoor environmental quality

· Resource conservation

· Transportation impacts

 · Base building design

· Base building management

· Tenancy design

· Tenancy management
Baldwin et al. (1998)

"BREEAM for New Offices”

 · Government policymakers

· Construction professionals

· Local authorities

· Materials producers

· Developers and investors

· Environmental groups/ lobbyists

· Academics

 · Management

· Health and comfort

· Energy 

· Transport

· Water 

· Materials

· Land use

· Site ecology

· Pollution

 · Design

· Corporate policies/procedures

· Communications

· Purchasing/procurement

· Contracting out

· Facilities/premises mgt.

· Space planning

· Maintenance

· Refurbishm’t/recommissioning

· Decommissioning
Cole & Larson (1998)

"Green Building Challenge/ GBTool"

 A/E/C Industry

 · Resource consumption

· Ecological loadings

· Indoor environmental quality

 · Longevity

· Process

· Contextual factors
NAHBRC (1999)

"Green Builder Programs"

 · Home builder associations

· Government agencies

· Product manufacturers

· Public utilities

· Non-profits/foundations

· Builders

· Lenders

· Realtors

· Developers 

· Site development

· Energy efficiency:

· Site

· Envelope

· HVAC

· Appliances/lighting

· Resource efficiency:

· Design

· Material selection

 · Indoor air quality

· Waste management

· Water efficiency

· Indoor use

· Outdoor use

· Homeowner opportunities

· Business operations

· Land development
U.S. Green Building Council (2000)

"LEED"

 · Architects

· Engineers

· Contractors

· Owners

 · Site

· Energy & Atmosphere

· Water

· Materials

 · Indoor Environmental Quality

· Process

· Innovation credits
Facility + Processes or Whole Development

  
Graedel & Allenby (1995)

"Industrial Ecology"

 · Building Owners

· Operators/Managers

 · Ecology impacts

· Biodiversity

· Energy use

· Solid residues

· Liquid residues

· Gaseous residues

 · Site selection, development, and infrastructure

· Business products

· Business processes

· Facility operations

· Refurbishment/transfer/closure
DuBose & Pearce (1997)

"The Natural Step"

 · Building owners

· Designers

· Constructors

 · Material accumulation:

· Lithospheric

· Synthetic

· Ecosystem damage

· Resource efficiency/fairness

· Resource flows into/out of facility

 · Facility Life Cycle

· Environmental Impact:

· On site

· Embodied in resources

· Resulting from waste disposal

· Facility efficiency
Graham (1997)

"Sustainable Construction and Development Assessment Method"

 · Academics

· A/E/C Industry

· Decision makers

 · Resources:

· Consumption

· Reuse

· Energy consumption

· Appropriate technology

· Damage to renewable resources

· Ecology:

· Life support systems conservation

· Built environment quality

· Visual impact

· Biodiversity

· Interconnectedness of ecology-economics

· Risk of air, water, or land pollution

· Bioregional organization

 · Humans:

· Quality of human life

· Social self-determination/cultural diversity

· Distribution of social costs of construction

· Horizontal control systems

· Home-based, simpler lifestyles

· Social and economic change

· Healthy, non-toxic environment

· Predetermined goals for management

 Resource Guides to Support Sustainable Building

Source

 Target Audience

 Built Environment sustainability Variables
Bennett (1990)

"The Green Pages"

 · Laypersons

· Design professionals

 · Non-toxicity

· 100% natural content

  
O’Brien & Palermini (1993)

"Guide to Resource Efficient Building"

 · Design Practitioners

· Construction Practitioners

 · Energy Efficiency

· Embodied Energy Efficiency

· Environment Protection

· Material Efficiency

· Health and Safety

· Affordability

· Competitiveness

 · Site Design

· Building Size and Shape

· Structure and Construction

· Safety and Health

· Systems

· Selling
Dadd-Redalia, D.L. (1994)

"Sustaining the Earth"

 · Laypersons

 · Renewable

· Natural/organic

· Reused/reusable

· Recycled/recyclable

· Sustainably harvested

 · Energy- or resource-efficient

· Nontoxic

· Ozone-friendly

· Biodegradable

· Socially responsible
Iris Communications (1994)

"REDI Guide"

 · A/E/C Industry

· Laypersons

 · Energy-saving

· Water-saving

· Protection against moisture damage

· Post-consumer recycled content

· Sustainably harvested (forest products)

 · Indoor air quality

· Low-toxicity

· Ozone-friendly

· Efficient use of limited natural resources

CSI Masterformat Divisions
Loken et al. (1994)

"GREBE"

 · Owners (residential)

· Designers/Architects

· Engineers

· Materials Specifiers

 · Resource efficiency

· Use of recycled materials

· Energy savings in mfg.

· Durability

· Dimensional lumber alternatives

· Landscaping

· Job Site Recycling

· Foundations

 · Framing and Panel Systems

· Enclosures:

· Sheathing & Wallboard

· Roofing

· Exterior Siding & Trim

· Insulation

· Windows & Doors

· Interior Finishes:

· Floor Coverings
St. John (1994)

"Sustainable Design Guide"

 · Designers/Architects

· Materials manufacturers

 · Consensus of endorsement

· Environmental responsibility

· Benign substitution

· Recycled content

 CSI Masterformat Divisions
Hermannsson (1997)

“Green Building Resource Guide”

 · Builders

· Architects

· Homeowners

 · Nontoxicity/indoor air quality

· Recycled content

· Resource efficiency

 · Long life cycle

· Environmentally conscious

CSI Masterformat Divisions
Holmes et al. (1999)

"GreenSpec"

 · Architects

· Contractors

· Building managers

· Homeowners

 · Resource utilization:

· Abundance of resource

· Replacement/replenishment

· Efficiency of resource use

· Efficient use of associated resources

· Durability of material

· Recycled content

· Recyclability

· Energy:

· Embodied energy

· Conservation of energy during operation

· Solid waste:

· Landfill diversion

· Reuse of materials/components

· Solid waste avoidance

 · Pollution - air and water:

· Global warming (CO2, fossil fuel emissions)

· Ozone depletion

· Indoor air quality (VOCs, dust, mold, etc.)

· Heavy metals/toxins

· Biocides/pesticides

· Habitat destruction:

· Water

· Soil

· Biodiversity

· Erosion/silt

· Noise

CSI Masterformat Divisions